The main component of a compass is a magnetic needle mounted on a shaft. The magnetic needle can rotate freely under the action of the natural geomagnetic field and remain in the tangent direction of the magnetic meridian.
The south pole of the magnetic needle points to the geographical south pole (magnetic north pole).
This performance can be used to identify directions, which is crucial for navigation, navigation, exploration, and other activities.
Speaking of how a compass works, we must first understand geomagnetism.
Geomagnetism is a branch of geophysics with a long history. It is a discipline that studies the origin, change and distribution of electromagnetic fields in the earth and its surrounding space. The geomagnetic phenomenon is one of the important geophysical phenomena.
It can reflect various physical processes related to electromagnetic processes occurring in the earth's crust, mantle, and core, ranging from solar activity, interplanetary space, magnetosphere, and ionosphere.
The earth is like a huge magnet, and the principle of a compass is the interaction between magnetic poles. Magnetic poles with the same name repel each other, and magnetic poles with different names attract each other.
The south pole of the earth's huge geomagnetic body is near the geographical north pole, and the north pole of the geomagnet is near the geographical south pole. Therefore, when the small magnetic needle on the earth is at rest, one end always points to the south, and the other endpoints to the north.
Although the basic principles of the compass are relatively simple, they have been deeply studied by modern science and have applications in many fields.
1. Study of the Earth’s magnetic field
Understanding the Earth's magnetic field is essential for comprehending how a compass operates. Scientists monitor changes in the Earth's magnetic field through geomagnetic observatories and satellite observations, providing insights into the Earth's internal structure and activities.
2. Navigation
Compasses are indispensable tools for navigation, aiding ships and aircraft in determining their direction and ensuring safe and accurate travel.
3. Scientific Research and Application
In addition to navigation, compasses also play an important role in scientific research and engineering applications.
For example, in geological exploration, geophysicists use magnetometers to measure magnetic fields on the surface and underground to help identify underground mineral deposits and geological structures. In the field of engineering, a compass can be used to determine the direction of a building and ensure its consistency with the geographical location.
As a fundamental invention in human history, the compass facilitated ocean navigation and exploration. Today, it continues to play a vital role in modern science and technology. By delving deeper into its workings and applications, we gain a greater appreciation for this simple yet invaluable navigation tool.
